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In 1975, an A.I.D. project was initiated to help improve the contributions of urban centers to rural development. This report summarizes the concepts and methods underlying the project and initial applications in Bolivia's Potosi ...
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In 1975, an A.I.D. project was initiated to help improve the contributions of urban centers to rural development. This report summarizes the concepts and methods underlying the project and initial applications in Bolivia's Potosi region, one of six pilot project areas. An introductory chapter discusses the data needed to analyze the spatial dimensions of a region's economy, together with the main information sources in Bolivia and three field surveys-of urban centers, markets, and households-carried out to collect further information. A profile of the region's physical, demographic, and economic features shows that Potosi's development while slow, was closely associated with the growth of urban population. The next three chapters examine the principal features of the urban-rural system - settlements, the linkages among them and rural accessibility to urban-based functions. The region's existing spatial structure is analyzed and interpreted and spatial constraints to development are indicated. Specification of the general project strategy for use in Potosi is then detailed, and methods for designing packages of projects for each area of the region are discussed and illustrated.
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Documents from four organizations - the International Food Policy Research Institute, the International Labor Organization, the U.N. Research Institute for Social Development, and the Clark Cooperative Agreement on Settlement and ...
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Documents from four organizations - the International Food Policy Research Institute, the International Labor Organization, the U.N. Research Institute for Social Development, and the Clark Cooperative Agreement on Settlement and Resource Systems Analysis - on rural/urban linkages research are reviewed. Each chapter focuses on one of the four organizations and consists of a general summary of the institution's documents, meant to serve as the 'reader's guide' to the annotations, and the annotations themselves, which discuss the specific relevance of the document to Rural/Urban Productivity and Employment Promotion Agency for International Development's proposed Project.
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Understanding the context of crime is key to developing informed policy that will reduce crime in communities. In exploring criminal contexts, this dissertation tests criminal opportunity theory, which integrates social disorganiz...
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Understanding the context of crime is key to developing informed policy that will reduce crime in communities. In exploring criminal contexts, this dissertation tests criminal opportunity theory, which integrates social disorganization and routine activity theories. Methodologically, the dissertation presents unique ways of modeling space in crime studies. Analyses are undertaken in three cities, Nashville, TN; Portland, OR; and Tucson, AZ, chosen for their similar crime rates and varied demographic and social characteristics. This dissertation includes three papers submitted for publication. Crime data were collected for nine crimes over the period 1998-2002. Census data, used to create an array of socioeconomic measures, and land use data were also used in the analyses, presented at the census block group level. The first paper attempts to determine whether certain structural associations with violence are generalizable across urban areas. The idea is tested by first developing an Ordinary Least Squares model of crime for all three cities, then replicating the results for each city individually. The models provide support for a general relationship between violence and several structural measures, but suggest that the exploration into geographic variation of crime and its covariates both within urban areas and across urban areas should be undertaken. The second paper explores an alternative to crime rates: location quotients of crime. A comparison of location quotients and rates is provided. The location quotients are then used in a regression modeling framework to determine what influences the crime profile of a place. The results demonstrate the efficacy of simple techniques and how location quotients can be incorporated into statistical models of crime. The models provide modest support for the opportunity framework. The final paper explores possible spatial variation in crime and its covariates through a local analysis of crime using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Those results are compared to the results of a base global OLS model. Parameter estimate maps confirm the results of the OLS model for the most part and also allow visual inspection of areas where specific measures have a strong influence in the model. This research highlights the importance of considering local context when modeling urban violence.
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The report evaluates projects which were implemented by 11 Michigan transit systems under the state's Section 4 (i) marketing grant. The objectives of this grant were to: Expand public awareness and improve the image of public tra...
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The report evaluates projects which were implemented by 11 Michigan transit systems under the state's Section 4 (i) marketing grant. The objectives of this grant were to: Expand public awareness and improve the image of public transportation throughout the State of Michigan; increase utilization of public transportation services throughout the State of Michigan; and evaluate the implementation of innovative marketing techniques for statewide adoption. The evaluation results indicate which marketing techniques were most effective, and which would be more appropriate in urban and rural areas.
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Results of a survey of 32 people, the majority of whom were developmentally disabled and resided in institutional or community settings in both rural and urban areas are reported. The questionnaire focused on services utilized and...
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Results of a survey of 32 people, the majority of whom were developmentally disabled and resided in institutional or community settings in both rural and urban areas are reported. The questionnaire focused on services utilized and levels of consumer satisfaction. Areas addressed were demographics, education, employment and training, income and benefits, housing, recreation and leisure time, transportation, medical treatment, counseling, advocacy, and legal issues. The objective of the study was to determine the level of consumer utilization of and satisfaction with community-based services, utilization of and satisfaction with Independent Living Skills, and what, if any, differences exist between those in institutionalized and non-institutionalized groups regarding perceived needs, levels of independence, and satisfaction with available resources. Overall, the findings indicated that people living in the community reported greater satisfaction and better utilization of both generic and categorical services. (Author abstract modified.) Nineteen tables are included.
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This report presents interim results on the demands for ambulatory mental health services, using data from a social experiment. Because of its design, the (DHHS) ASPE-supported Rand Health Insurance Study (HIS) avoids many of the ...
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This report presents interim results on the demands for ambulatory mental health services, using data from a social experiment. Because of its design, the (DHHS) ASPE-supported Rand Health Insurance Study (HIS) avoids many of the shortcomings of other studies. The sample is a random sample of the nonaged, noninstitutionalized population of six urban and rural sites in the four census areas. The major feature of this study is the assignment of specific insurance packages to families and the extensive measurement of health and mental health status at the beginning of the study.
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The document contains the proceedings of the November 1984 Workshop Conference on Mobility for Major Metropolitan Growth Centers. Issues addressed at the Conference included social, demographic, and locational factors which have c...
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The document contains the proceedings of the November 1984 Workshop Conference on Mobility for Major Metropolitan Growth Centers. Issues addressed at the Conference included social, demographic, and locational factors which have contributed to suburban traffic congestion; emerging institutional response to the problem; the role of parking management and other strategies in the management of transportation demand and mitigation of traffic congestion, coordination of transportation and land use development; and ways in which public-private cooperation can ensure current and future mobility in high-growth sites. The document contains formal papers, reports of workshop sessions, analysis of the conference from the perspective of five constituent groups, selected references, and a list of participants.
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The study evaluates the feasibility of annexing the developed areas on the fringes of Dayton, TN. The proposed annexation area is divided into nine smaller study areas, which are examined in detail concerning characteristics and s...
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The study evaluates the feasibility of annexing the developed areas on the fringes of Dayton, TN. The proposed annexation area is divided into nine smaller study areas, which are examined in detail concerning characteristics and service requirements. The legal procedures and policy decisions involved in implementing an annexation program are considered, as well as the finances required for such a program. The proposed plan includes police and fire protection, refuse collection, street maintenance, recreational facilities, inspection and code enforcement, planning and zoning, and water and sewer systems. The study evaluates the capabilities of the city to finance the proposed improvements and expanded services. Because annexation of some of Dayton's fringe areas appears to be economically feasible, the report offers detailed recommendations for the annexation of each area.
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This report analyses the relationship between urban growth and energy consumption to public transport. The main emphasis is put upon daily travel in urban areas. The report ends up with recommendations on how different urban funct...
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This report analyses the relationship between urban growth and energy consumption to public transport. The main emphasis is put upon daily travel in urban areas. The report ends up with recommendations on how different urban function should be located and developed to minimize the energy consumption for daily travels.
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